> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://open-data-institute.gitbook.io/data-governance-playbook/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://open-data-institute.gitbook.io/data-governance-playbook/play-eight-managing-risks-when-handling-personal-data/appendix-risks-from-personal-data-exposure-and-how-harms-can-be-mitigated.md).

# Appendix: Risks from personal data exposure and how harms can be mitigated

Below are examples of potentially harmful impacts to people, organisations and society, and mitigating actions that could be taken.

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Wellbeing/ safety/ autonomy" %}

#### Stakeholder impacted

Individuals

#### Type of risk

Wellbeing/ safety/ autonomy

**Potentially harmful impact(s)**

* Denied service based on health data
* Discriminated against or stigmatised
* Publicly exposed/ attacked

**Potential mitigating actions**

* Validate data input
* Data anonymisation
* Use synthetic data
  {% endtab %}

{% tab title="Data breach" %}
**Stakeholder impacted**

Your organisation

#### Type of risk

Data breach

**Potentially harmful impact(s)**

Fined for non-compliance with laws or regulations

**Potential mitigating actions**

* Data minimisation
* Validate data input
* Strong data governance framework (see the play ‘how to implement a data governance framework’)
  {% endtab %}

{% tab title="Brand reputation and loss of trust" %}
**Stakeholder impacted**

Your organisation

#### Type of risk

Brand reputation and loss of trust, eg through sharing personal data when you shouldn’t

**Potentially harmful impact(s)**

* Individuals unwilling to share data with you in future or participate in your health data activities
* Reduced willingness of partners to work with you

**Potential mitigating actions**

* Data minimisation
* Data anonymisation
* Use synthetic data
  {% endtab %}

{% tab title="Inequitable value distribution" %}
**Stakeholder impacted**

Communities, eg vulnerable groups facing health burden

#### Type of risk

Inequitable value distribution

**Potentially harmful impact(s)**

Widening of health inequalities

**Potential mitigating actions**

* Data minimisation
* Data anonymisation
* Use synthetic data

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}