# Glossary

#### Smart Data

* The secure sharing of customer data with authorised third-party providers (TPPs) upon the customer's request

#### Open Banking

* Smart Data scheme in the banking sector
* This was the first Smart Data initiative, now often used as a benchmark for others
* Covers current accounts and credit accounts as well as some savings accounts
* Overseen by the Open Banking Implementation Entity (OBIE)

#### Open Finance

* Smart Data scheme in the wider finance sector, evolved from Open Banking
* Covers areas such as savings, mortgages, consumer credit, investments and insurance
* Led by the FCA

#### Open Energy

* Smart Data scheme in the energy sector
* Led by Ofgem
* Also see 'Midata for Energy'

#### Open Communications

* Smart Data scheme in the communications sector
* Led by Ofcom

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#### Data infrastructure

* Data assets, standards, technologies, policies, organisations and communities that steward and contribute

#### Data assets

* Useful or valuable things related to data. Usually:
  * Identifiers - labels to physical or digital objects and services
  * Registers - Lists of reference data and metadata
  * Datasets - From dedicated research/analysis or from monitoring

#### Data standards

* Reusable agreements that help to steward data more consistently
  * Technical: file formats, taxonomies, schemas
  * Non-technical: language, processes

#### Data technologies

* Hardware and software used in the collection, access, use and sharing of data

#### Data policies

* Specified ways of working with data, usually mandatory

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#### Data spectrum

* The range of data accessibility, from closed to shared to open

#### Data intermediary

* A variety of different activities and governance models for organisations that facilitate greater access to or sharing of data

#### Data institution

* Organisations that steward data on behalf of others, often towards public, educational or charitable aims

#### Data ecosystem

* A full set of data suppliers, stewards and users, as well as the supporting infrastructure

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#### Application Programming Interface (API)

* A standardised means by which computers can communicate with each other

#### General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

* Intended to harmonise data privacy laws in the EU
* Applies to the processing of personal data by organisations in the EU, regardless of whether the processing takes place in the EU or not
* Applies to the processing of personal data about individuals who are in the EU by an organisation not established in the EU, if it offers goods or services within EU

#### Open source

* The practice of having freely available knowledge about a certain design or implementation, often iterated by volunteers

#### Privacy Enhancing Technology (PET)

* Any technical method that protects the privacy or confidentiality of sensitive information

#### Sandbox environment

* Testing environment separate from the production environment that enables approved participants to build an understanding of tools, standards and security requirements.

#### Synthetic data

* Data generated by simulation, rather than measurement

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#### Second Payment Services Directive (PSD2)

* Part of the Open Banking regulations

#### Midata for Energy

* An Open Energy initiative
* Launched in mid-2018, with main governance from Ofgem, and other governmental connections within BEIS, DCMS, Government Digital Services, and the Cabinet Office
* Paused since 2021, pending a review of all energy sector programmes

#### OpenActive

* Launched in 2016, a community-led initiative that aims to address the problem of inactivity in the UK by helping people get active using open data
* This is not a Smart Data scheme

#### Data Pitch

* A completed three-year EU-funded open innovation programme that explored how data shared by organisations - from government bodies to multinational corporations - could be used by startups and innovators to tackle specific company and sector challenges, while generating direct benefit to them
* This was not a Smart Data scheme

#### Modernising Energy Data Access

* A competition to support projects that use data with the aim to enable a decarbonised, decentralised and digitised energy future

#### Modernising Energy Data Applications

* A competition focused on the development of data applications that address the needs of users and developers of local energy systems